关键词: 单一飞行员驾驶（SPO）, 空地协同运行模式, 问卷调查, 风险识别

Abstract: The single pilot operation (SPO) mode is getting much attention with the rapid development of commercial aviation. In order to achieve a safety level not inferior to double pilot operation (DPO) mode, this study identified key
risk factors in the SPO mode. Firstly, this study described the SPO framework systematically and briefly. Taking
the safest operation situation (captain and flight status were normal) and the most dangerous operation situation
(captain incapacitation and flight problems) as examples, the optimal SPO mode framework was analyzed. Then,
based on this framework and combining the literature research method, the preliminarily selected risk factor set
was classified from the perspective of human, machine, environment and management. Finally, through expert
questionnaire scoring, the continuous interval ordered weighted averaging (C-OWA) algorithm was used to
determine the key risk factors. Results show that the air-ground collaborative operation mode is currently the optimal mode. Meanwhile, the three key risk factors in the SPO operation scenario are captain incapacity, insufficient competency of the captain position and avionics system failure. This study can provide a theoretical basis for
the risk control and technological development of SPO.

Key words: single pilot operation (SPO), air-ground collaborative operation mode, questionnaire survey, risk identification